Essay on The Fellowship of the Ring by J.R.R. Tolkien

The Fellowship of the Ring by J.R.R. Tolkien Lord Acton once said, Power corrupts, but absolute power corrupts absolutely. He was probably referring to the powerful kings and queens who held power over many people. But, we could see how power is something many of the characters in Tolkiens story are trying to have and hold onto in some form or another. In The Fellowship of the Ring J.R.R. Tolkien tells us a story about Frodo Baggins who is ordered by Gandalf to destroy the powerful ring discovered accidentally by his older cousin, Bilbo. Like the rest of the hobbits, Frodo has lived quite peacefully and well, not having to worry about how dark and dreary the rest of Middle Earth was becoming under Saurons growing power. Now, Frodo,†¦show more content†¦It would possess him (70). After having said this, he tells Frodo how this ring of doom originated. Clearly, Gandalf is wise enough to know that behind all that power lies weakness and evil. Even if one might first use the ring for something good and meaningful to others , it will eventually possess that person and make that person the slave to the ring. Galadriel even knows this quite well. Frodo offers her the ring, since he believes she deserves it the most and also knows how to control it. When Frodo tells her this, Galadriel seems to be strongly tempted to take the power offered by Frodo. She tells him, For many long years I had pondered what I might do, should the Great Ring come into my hands, and behold! (431). The exclamation point reveals to us how Galadriel might be really taken in by the thought of power at this moment and how raptured she is in this thought. But, she too is wise as Gandalf is. In the end, she even tells Frodo, We will not speak more of it (431). She knows that even speaking about such power can bring about destruction. Interestingly though, Galadriel seems to be almost crazy at this moment, presenting herself to Frodo while relating to him what good she could bring to her elves. The ring is so alluring. Too much of a go od thing cannot last long. She isShow MoreRelatedEssay about J.R.R Tolkien and The Fellowship of the Ring997 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Ronald Reuel Tolkien, better known as J.R.R. Tolkien, was born on January third 1892 in Bloemfontein South Africa and was the son of Arthur and Mabel Suffield Tolkien. After his fathers death in 1896 Tolkiens mother moved herself and her two children, J.R.R (at the time called Ronald) and his younger brother Hilary to Sarehole near Birmingham. When Tolkien was twelve his mother died and he and his brother were sent to live with one of their relatives when a Catholic priest became their legalRead MoreThe Myth about Tolkien Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Lord of the Rings is racist. It is soaked in the logic that race determines behavior.† (Ibata 2). Many people have tried to perpetuate the myth that J.R.R. Tolkien was racist. They cite various scenes in The Lord of the Rings, in both the books and in the movies. These people are l ying or ignorant. J.R.R. Tolkien was not a racist, nor did he ever intend for his novels to be viewed as such. There is plenty of evidence to defend Tolkien from these claims such as: the themes of his novels, likeRead More J.R.R. Tolkien Biography Essay examples1521 Words   |  7 Pages J.R.R. Tolkien was born in South Africa, although he considered himself a British man throughout his adulthood. He experienced World War I firsthand in the trenches. He was a professor of Old English and other archaic languages and had a strong love for such languages. Tolkien also felt a strong tie for his homeland, England, and desired to create mythology for England. Tolkien was able to write the first modern fantasy novel through his life experiences and his love for archaic languages andRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings2072 Words   |  9 PagesThe Lord of the Rings series is arguably John Ronald Reuel Tolkien’s (aka J.R.R. Tolkien) most notable work. J.R.R. Tolkien’s story was impactful due to his creation of rich, profound mythological worlds. His religious and moral beliefs are carefully crafted into the narrative by representation of Christian-inspired themes such as sin, salvation, redemption, etc. The series’ influence expanded past the written work into a film trilogy written by Peter Jackson. The films further explored the story’sRead MoreThe Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien Essay1019 Words   |  5 Pagesstory The Lord of the Rings. The Lord of the Rings written by J.R.R. Tolkien has been read and loved by many and will be enjoyed by many more in the years to come. Tolkien was an amazing linguist and author. He will be remembered for his great imagination and intriguing stories. His interest in language was the spark that led to the creation of The Lord of the Rings (Hodges 33-35). Tolkien led an interesting life that influenced his books greatly. John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born on January 3Read MoreThe Lord Of The Rings1383 Words   |  6 PagesLord of the Rings is an enchanting story with masterful use of setting and sensational characters that engages readers and can move them to experience life in a deeper way. As a child J.R.R. Tolkien lived in Africa until his father passed away. Then his mother moved them to England. Mrs. Tolkien made certain that her children learned literature and languages. It was probably due somewhat to his mother’s influence that Tolkien became who he was: an author and a linguist (Corday). Tolkien had a specialRead More J. R. R. Tolkien Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesThree Rings for the Elven-Kings under the sky, Seven for the dwarf lords in their halls of stone, Nine for mortal men doomed to die, One for the Dark Lord in his dark throne. In the Land or Mordor where the shadow lies. One Ring to rule them all, One ring to find them, One ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them. In the land of Mordor where the shadows lie†¦ (J.R.R. Tolkien, Rings) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;These are the most famous recognized lines in The Lord of the Rings, J.R.RRead MoreThe Tyger, The Lamb and Lord of the Rings1031 Words   |  4 PagesThere is an immense amount of symbolism used throughout both poems, and many different things can be taken away about the author’s thoughts religion, nature, and the battle between good and evil in one’s mind. In the novel, The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R Tolkien, there is seemingly a lot left up in the air about religion and the symbolism of nature, but when read the way the author intended, there are a few very strong themes that resemble those portrayed in â€Å"The Tyger† and â€Å"The Lamb†. ThroughoutRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings Series845 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Lord of the Rings series by J.R.R Tolkien, heroism is a prominent theme throughout. There is not one sole hero. Tolkien doesn’t present the books with just one hero, but a combined effort of many different heroes. He could have easily made the story just about Aragorn, Gandalf, Frodo, or Sam A hero is a person who overcomes adversity to achieve a quest that changes his society for good in the dramatic way. In classic literature a hero is usually portrayed as an epic hero. The epic heroRead More J.R.R. Tolkiens Lord of the Rings Essay2306 Words   |  10 PagesJ.R.R. Tolkiens Lord of the Rings â€Å"One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them, One Ring to bring them all and in the Darkness bind them† (Tolkien, The Two Towers 233)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the masters of British Literature, J.R.R. Tolkien was able to create a fantasy world with an endless supply of parallelisms to reality. The fantasy world was found in the â€Å"Lord of the Rings.† Tolkien is able to create wonderful symbolism and meaning out of what would otherwise be considered nonsense.

State of Mind Affects Macbeth Essay - 1083 Words

In court, a criminal will commonly make the statement that they were in the wrong state of mind when they committed the crime, to lessen their punishment. In fact, a person’s state of mind can affect their actions, and the actions of others towards them. Authors commonly use a persons state of mind to embellish actions of a character or to better explain changes in the character. William Shakespeare uses state of mind to assist in the degeneration of the protagonist Macbeth in the tragedy Macbeth. Macbeth is a brave, loyal and strong Scottish general in the Middle Ages, more specifically the eleventh century, who despite his power on the battlefield was swayed easily to the tragic life of a murderer by the three predictions of three†¦show more content†¦In other words, Duncan is Macbeth’s king and his guest, therefore Macbeth should be preventing murderers from reaching Duncan instead of murdering Duncan himself. At this point in the play Macbeth’s state of mind is confused, his hunger for power wants him to murder Duncan but his conscious goes against it. The fact that his couscous still goes against murder means the degeneration of his character has not begun, yet in the rising action this loyalty disappears. With Duncan on his way to Inverness Macbeth’s wife persuades Macbeth to follow through with the murder so that he can be King and live a wonderful life. It is at this point in the story that Macbeth under goes his start into his character degeneration. In a second soliloquy, after Macbeth has just been convinced by his wife to follow through with the murder, he see an imaginary dagger covered with blood. He feels that this is a sign that he should go through with the murdering of Duncan. His thirst for power then drives him to pull out his own dagger; â€Å"I see thee yet, in form as palpable As this which now I draw. Thou marshallst me the way that I was going, And such an instrument I was to use†(II, I, 40-4 3). Macbeth’ state of mind in this soliloquy has changed from the last soliloquy a great deal, reflecting his start into degeneration. Macbeth has gone from confused and indecisive to crazed and power hungry. After committing the murder of Duncan Macbeth isShow MoreRelatedMacbeth Essay1283 Words   |  6 PagesThe tragic hero Macbeth loses everything he has including his sanity in the classic Shakespeare play Macbeth. The crimes he commits are not Macbeth’s fault because of the other factors that affect his actions. The witches and Lady Macbeth are responsible for the crimes since they influence Macbeth in several ways throughout the play. Macbeth becomes caught up in all the manipulating words and his actions are not his fault. Macbeth is not guilty for the crimes in the play Macbeth. The witches andRead MoreWitches, Lady Macbeth and Macbeths Responsibility for Macbeth’s Downfall1490 Words   |  6 PagesWitches, Lady Macbeth and Macbeths Responsibility for Macbeth’s Downfall Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth shows the downfall of a wrongfully crowned king. But his downfall is not solely due to himself. There are other characters in the play that are part of his downfall. If it weren’t for them, the play would not work. They are part of a chain, one leading to another. The play would not have ended in the same manner, even if one of these characters hadn’t played their partRead MoreAnalysis Of The Banquet Scene720 Words   |  3 Pagescloser analysis. Let the chart below guide your reading, and be sure to justify your answers to the questions using specific detailed evidence from the text. Examine the text: When Macbeth learns that Banquo has been assassinated but Fleance has escaped, he uses figurative language to describe his state of mind. He says, â€Å"Then comes my fit again: I had else been perfect; whole as the marble, founded as the rock, as broad and general as the casing air: but now, I am cabin’d, cribb’d confin’d,Read MoreThe Importance of the Theme of the Supernatural in William Shakespeares Macbeth951 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of the Theme of the Supernatural in William Shakespeares Macbeth The supernatural in Elizabethan times was seen as a very real threat to society. The public thought that there were such things as witches who could perform acts of the supernatural such as turning humans into animals and causing changes in the weather. Any mention of the supernatural in these times scared the public and many people, mainly women, were executed on the thought that theyRead MoreThe Struggle Of Mental Illness1212 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth, takes place in Scotland and features famous characters like Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, and Banquo. Macbeth, the tragic hero, is a power hungry Thane whom seeks kingship. However, he lacks ambition and his wife attempts to urge him towards this edge. As Macbeth is urged toward ambitious ways, he commits the murder of Duncan, the king. From this point on, the reader notices Macbeth’s mind starts to deteriorate. As the tragedy continues, the reader also notices Macbeth is not the onlyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare921 Words   |  4 Pagesother end of the spectrum, Macbeth must deal with the moral uncertainty of the actions he does commit. When he goes to kill Duncan, the dagger appears, which he judges to be â€Å"A dagger of the mind, a false creation /Proceeding from the heat oppressà ¨d brain† (II.i.38-39). It i s something that has materialized because he has a humoral imbalance. This is the â€Å"psychic distress† Roychoudhury says, â€Å"threatens often to undo the protagonists† (218). Because his mind is not right, Macbeth goes down a path of self-destructionRead MoreEssay on Macbeth Issues867 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s Macbeth, there are many issues that may have had an affect on the play. The complex marriage between the power hungry Macbeths, lady Macbeth’s dominant character directing Macbeth in the murders, the role reversal during the murders, Macbeth’s reaction to his wife’s death, and male and female marriages for authority. When analyzed these issues help describe the Macbeth’s relationship. They are the very issues that eventually lead to the â€Å"Great Tragedy†. The relationship of Macbeth and LadyRead MoreLady Macbeth960 Words   |  4 Pagestime of fast decisions and unsure actions is going to expose them to danger or injury. In the play Lady Macbeth proves this to be true. The emotional mistakes shredded the journey Lady Macbeth puts down throughout this play and eventually ends in her death. She feels overpowered by everything that is happening in two ways, both mentally and physically and decides to end her own life. Play Macbeth by William Shakespeare shows two proper ordinary nobles whose lives twisted together in a whirlwind ofRead MoreEssay on Ambition in Macbeth734 Words   |  3 Pages Ever since he heard the prophecies that promised him power, Macbeth’s mind has been descending into a disoriented state as times passed. In the duration of Acts 1 and 2, Macbeth, under the influence of Lady Macbeth and his own ambition, has changed from being a rational, level-headed man to one of questionable integrity. With Macbeth’s coronation, not only does his inner turmoil affect his mentality, but also his behaviour and senses. Scotland is immersed in more chaos by Macbeth’sRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1322 Words   |  6 PagesThe play Macbeth, written by Shakespeare, is about a courageous Scottish general, who strikes with the prophecies by trio witches and his wife spurs that makes him strive for ambition, which eventually leads to his death. Niccollo Machiavell says â€Å"Ambition is so powerful a passion in the human breast, that however high we reach we are never satisfied.† An ambitious person chooses different ways to become successful, either good or sinister way, but depending on the situation. As life consists of

Law Of Victoria Laundry v Newman Industries Ltd †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Law Of Victoria Laundry v Newman Industries Ltd. Answer: Issue To determine the damages to be paid to Adam Rule In the case of Victoria Laundry (Windsor) Ltd v Newman Industries Ltd (1949) 2 KB 528 the issue before the court was to determine the damages to be paid to the plaintiff by the defendant. The plaintiff in this case had made a claim for extraordinary losses which was incurred by him due to the breach of contract done on the part of the defendant. In this case the defendant failed to make a delivery of goods on time and the plaintiff as a result lost cleaning contract. The court in this case held that the plaintiff was only entitled to any ordinary losses incurred by him and not for the extra ordinary loss of profit. This is because losses would only be recoverable in situation where the defendant possessed adequate information which would impose the liability of the loss on him. In this case the defendant did not possess such information. In the case of Hadley v Baxendale (1854) EWHC J70 the defendant had been hired by the plaintiff for the purpose of supplying a broken shaft to the engineer immediately so that new shaft could be made. Unless a new shaft was made the plaintiff factory was not able to carry out its operations. In this case there was a failure on the part of the defendant to supply the shaft to the plaintiff on time. The plaintiff sued the defendant for all losses which had been incurred by him. However the claim of the plaintiff has been rejected by the court on the ruling that only those losses which would be reasonably foreseen by the defendant are liable to be compensated. In the case of Nutbrown v Thornton (1804) 10 Ves 159 the issue before the court was to determine the damages which were to be paid to the plaintiff with respect to the breach of contract committed on the part of the defendant. In this case due to the breach of the defendant the plaintiff would suffer heavy losses as the machinery in context of the contract was not readily available elsewhere. Taking into account the circumstances of the situation the court in this case order specific performance according to which the defendant had to supply the rare machinery to the plaintiff with respect to contractual remedies. The court was faced with similar situation in the case of Cohen v Roche [1927] 1 KB 169. However the decision of the court in this case was different. In this case the court denied specific performance to the plaintiff on the notion that the goods in context of the contract were ordinary commercial articles and had no specific interest all values does the question of specific performance in this case does not arise. In addition the intention of the buyer in this case was resell the goods. In the case of Posner v Scott-Lewis [1987] 3 All ER 513 and application has been granted by the court in relation to specific performance with respect to a lesser Convent towards employing a resident portal to perform Particular duties. In this case the court had made a distinction with the case of Ryan v Mutual Tontine where supervision in relation to the execution of an undertaking was required. However in the current situation neither continuous series of actions or personal services were needed. On the other hand only executions of an agreement consisting of provision for the services were required. In the case of Wolverhampton Corp v Emmons [1901] 1 KB 515 the plaintiff had acquired a property for the purpose of an improvement scheme and sold a part of the property to the defendant who had agreed to build new house on the property. The plaintiff acquired house plans however the defendant refused to continue the work. In this case the court awarded specific performance in favour of the plaintiff as the obligation of the defendant has been defined precisely by the plants and damages in this situation would not be adequate as a position of the site was with the defendant and the plaintiff would not be able to complete the work through the employment of a different contractor. Application In the given situation it has been provided that there was an agreement between Adam and Edwin for the purpose of purchasing a 1925 Rolls Royce. Edwin was a dealer of Vintage cars. The contract was entered into by Edwin and Adam for the sale of the car at the price of $500,000. However Edwin found out that there was another person who was looking for the same model and was prepared to pay $700,000 for the car. In this situation he refused to sell the car to Adam. It is clear from the facts of the case that the car is rare and damages would not be able to act as a proper remedy for the breach of contract done by Edwin as Adam would not be able to procure the car from elsewhere. Taking into account the circumstances of the contract the court would award specific performance in favour of Adam which would force Edwin to sell the car to him at the stipulated price of $500,000 as per the Nutbrown v Thornton and Wolverhampton Corp v Emmons case. However in situation where the car in contacts was a late model Mercedes Benz the court in this situation would not allow specific to Adam for the breach of contract done by Edwin. This is because Adam would be able to procure the Mercedes Benz model easily from elsewhere as per the Cohen v Roche case. Conclusion Adam can get specific performance for Rolls Royce Adam cannot get specific performance for Mercedes Benz References Cohen v Roche [1927] 1 KB 169 Hadley v Baxendale (1854) EWHC J70 Nutbrown v Thornton (1804) 10 Ves 1 Posner v Scott-Lewis [1987] 3 All ER 513 Victoria Laundry (Windsor) Ltd v Newman Industries Ltd (1949) 2 KB 528 Wolverhampton Corp v Emmons [1901] 1 KB 515

The Conversion of Saint Paul, 1601 Essay Example

The Conversion of Saint Paul, 1601 Paper The Conversion of Saint Paul is one of two paintings by Caravaggio (1573 1610) which was part of a prestigious commission for the Cerasi chapel in Santa del Popolo which is situated in one of Romes most beautiful squares. The accompanying piece is The Crucifixion of Saint Peter and they were both completed in 1601. Caravaggio was the foremost painter of the religious baroque period that signified the beginning of Baroque style. He was an exciting, controversial and revolutionary artist as he was already experimenting with the dramatic and emotional aspects of art even before the turn of the 17th Century and the onset of the Baroque style. The techniques of painting used by Caravaggio, as with all areas of his life, created controversy, Caravaggio worked very speedily and his work was often impulsive and experimental. Caravaggio worked in a way that rejected the traditions of extensive, detailed preparation work as practised in central Italy, he worked from Rome, and worked in a way more congruous with the Venetian practises. This was because he preferred to work in oils directly from his subjects straight onto the canvas with no sketching, not even for the main figures. Maybe, the dark and urgent nature of this painting reflected his state of mind. We will write a custom essay sample on The Conversion of Saint Paul, 1601 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Conversion of Saint Paul, 1601 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Conversion of Saint Paul, 1601 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is also important to note another controversial method utilised by Caravaggio was his use of real, normal people as models in his paintings, often Caravaggios overtly religious patrons were most outraged at the common and often disreputable people used to depict the most holy of scenes. The first version of this painting was deemed unacceptable by the patron, this version was painted on cypress panel, however this second version was painted on a very large canvas which was very unconventional as it was for placement in a chapel. The composition of this painting is striking for a number of reasons; the fact that the horse occupies almost the entire canvas, the intimate mood created because of the scale of the figures and because of the focus on the foreground the scene is viewed really close-up and this makes a spectator feel part of it and the realism all the more intense and finally the position of Paul as he lies on the ground stunned. As with Caravaggios 1606 piece The Death of a Virgin it is his interpretation of the scene that is provocative, in The Death of a Virgin he chooses a prostitute as the model for Mary and this sacred scene is, without precedent, painted at night. Whereas with The Conversion of Saint Paul it is because the main body of the painting is taken up with the posterior of a horse, a Santa Maria cleric noted this conversation between Caravaggio and one of his critics: Why have you put a horse in the middle, and St. Paul on the ground? Because! Is the horse God? No, but he stands in Gods light Page 66 Caravaggio by Giles Lambert) The way this painting is arranged means that the drama is very internal to Paul, the way his eyes are closed as if he has been blinded by the light of God that pours across the picture, highlighting certain sections of Pauls anatomy and that of the cumbersome horse. Paul does not have a halo, so it is up to the viewer, believer or atheist, the decided whether this light is holy. Whilst Caravaggio clearly selected the most dramatic scene possible given his conventional and very popular subject matter he still portrays it with immense naturalism. It is perhaps because of his use of real people as models, people he saw in the street that the painting conveys a realism that is not mundane but made theatrical by the dramatic use of chiaroscuro and the powerful foreshortening of Paul as he lies on the ground that create a sense of heightened emotion. The realistic depiction of Paul, his arms outstretched, is as if he truly has just been blinded and thrown off his horse, it is like he has just that moment been struck down. The position of Paul, the angle from which we view his head and the angle at which his body extends into the depth means that spectator needs to turn their own head to try and look at the Pauls eyes. The raised arms create a kind of frame drawing the eye along the recessive diagonal of the body right into the centre of the picture. The colours used in the painting are earthy tones, in the background, muted and dark, and in the foreground more vivid with the red cloth underneath Paul and the oranges of his armour. This means that whilst Paul, the focal point of the painting, is in an unconventional position on the ground he is still obviously important and stands out significantly more than the groom, who is hardly noticeable emerging from the shadows in the top right corner. In addition there are stylistic touches typical of 17th Century artists, such as the masterful effect of texture shown in the discarded Roman helmet in the bottom right-hand corner, the metal truly looks metallic with the touches of reflective light shimmering, in contrast to the soft feathers painted with equal attention to create a completely contrasting texture. Caravaggios work is often described as a violent reaction to the constrained and academic style of the Mannerists, Caravaggio was revolutionary in creating an intense realism that would have a great influence on later artists. Caravaggio aimed to move his work and art itself forward by abandoning the idealisation of human and religious subjects. Also he focused equally on human figures and inanimate objects still life. This can be seen in the detailed rendering of the helmet and sword but Caravaggios skill at still life is demonstrated more fully in works such as Supper at Emmaus (1601) and Basket of Fruit (1598). With his theatrical realism it could be assumed that Caravaggio was severing links entirely with the artists of the Renaissance however this is not completely true as he did borrow from the antiquity of Michealangelo and Rapheal, he was most clearly trying to emerge from the instability of the Mannerist era, as Giotto emerged from Byzantinism. During the 17th Century artists became interested in light and movement, however Caravaggio was most interested in light, or perhaps, conversely, most interested in shade. In the Renaissance artists used the effect of overall light to define the human figure, for them, shade was there to accentuate light. But Caravaggio, sometimes referred to as The Master of Darkness, began with shade. He made his figures emerge, dramatically from the shadows using linear strokes of light. This had the effect of making muscles and the sheer volume of the figures stand out in their own space. This, whilst different to the Renaissance approach, was the complete opposite to the Mannerist one. Mannerism, which took Renaissance traditions to the extreme, practically eliminated any contrast between light and shadow making pale, ghostly figures. However, whereas other artists such as Poussin (a great enemy of Caravaggio) Carracci and Rubens where exploring the exciting, intricacies of creating a real sense of movement Caravaggio abstained. Instead he developed a feature of his art that his contempories could not understand which was, representing significant moments of stillness this allowed him to truly penetrate the psychological elements of a scene. Conversion of Saint Paul (1530) or from Parmigianinos version of this scene. In addition to Caravaggio using sources such as these, his work inspired many artists after his time, it has been demonstrated that Caravaggios The Conversion of Saint Paul inspired artist Georges de La Tours Saint Joseph as a Carpenter. In creating this painting it can be said that Caravaggio did keep close to the actual Bible story as far as the details of events are depicted, but what was revolutionary was his goal to make an extraordinary biblical event look ordinary, it was this quest to depict the truth that meant he was largely critically condemned. This piece is a good example of Caravaggios pessimistic realism, his dark and gloomy impression of human nature and destiny. It was this truthfulness, this examination of the dramatic relationships of life, death and grief that opened a door for later 17th Century artists to explore emotive realism. Throughout his life, Caravaggio had a number of powerful, wealthy patrons, they had to possess some authority as it was often necessary for Caravaggio to have to be extracted from prison. This Santa Maria del Populo commission came on the back of his equally famous commission for the Contorelli Chapel of San Luigi dei Francesi. The Cerasi Family had bought the chapel as the family funeral chapel and in the autumn of 1600 Tibero Cerasi, Treasurer General to Pope Clement VIII commissioned both Caravaggio and Annibale Carracci to decorate the chapel. The first versions of the two paintings Caravaggio submitted were rejected by Cerasis heirs, on the grounds of their violence and bright colours. The second versions were well accepted by the patrons and installed in the chapel, where they remain to this day, along with Carraccis Assumption of the Virgin. Only the first version of The Conversion of Saint Paul survived and is in the Odescalchi-Balbi collection. Caravaggio was working in a climate of great religious, political and social unrest in Italy, as a reaction to the Reformation and the minimalism of the Protestant faith came the Counter Reformation. This was a period of time when the Catholic Church reasserted its power where it could, and Religious Baroque is a style that was forced upon artists by Catholic authorities. This was a time of militant Catholicism, there was a crusade of censorship, indoctrination including the use of propaganda, it was almost impossible for an artist to paint something other than a religious scene. Although Caravaggio was very much a natural rebel and a bohemian, the effects of the Counter Reformation can be clearly seen through the big commissions of his life, such as the Cerasi and Contarelli commissions. These are typical of the type of art the Catholic Church demanded, art that involved viewers emotionally so they could take part in the religious experience themselves. The Conversion of Saint Paul and The Crucifixion of Saint Peter are archetypal because of their large scale depictions of the suffering of saints and matydom. To enforce the censorship of subjects disapproved by the Catholic Church financial support of artists working outside the catholic church was scarce. It was because the Protestants criticised Catholicism for being too lavish in regards to art that so many elaborate works of great size were commissioned during this period, works such as this.

Makayla Fails Essays (1353 words) - Americas, Racism, Free Essays

Makayla Fails Essays (1353 words) - Americas, Racism, Free Essays Makayla Fails Dr. Greg Carr Intro to African American Studies February 16, 2016 Framing Question #2: How Did Africans Preserve and Affirm Their Way of Life and Use Their Identities As a Means to Resist Enslavement? Abstract: The question that we are being asked is a powerful one. Africans were basically completely stripped of their identities when they were forced into slavery. But this question is basically saying that they were indeed not completely stripped, so what did they do to keep their identities. What did they do to keep their souls alive? What did they do to keep their stories alive? It is not easy to keep your culture, your religion and your language alive when you are continuously moving from place to place and when you are forced to adapt to different cultures, religions and languages. But despite all of the hardships and struggles, Africans did preserve and affirm their culture as a means to resist enslavement through many different ways. "Culture never dies, it's passed on; that is why it changes" (Carr). Critical Review of Scholarship: Since the beginning of this course, we have engaged in readings that hit almost every aspect of African studies. Something Torn and New: An African Renaissance by Ngugi Wa Thiong'o happens to be one of these readings. This book talks about how the main goal of Europeans was to overpower the African culture by imprinting their culture and ways of living into the souls of the Africans. When discussing this book in class, we basically came up with the conclusion that the Europeans took everything away from the Africans. So not only did they take their freedom, but they took their languages, their memories, and their culture. So when I say the Europeans wanted to "overpower" the African culture, they wanted to completely wipe it out as if it never existed. This book helps you to realize how much the Africans value their language, memories, culture, and their identity as a whole. Another book that really helped me to understand and answer the question asked is The Coming by Daniel Black. This book follows a group of Africans from the moment they are captured in their villages to the moment they are sold in America. In this novel, Daniel Black depicts the characters' journey to the ship, journey across the Atlantic, and complete loss of self. This book was probably the most helpful with answering the framing question because it really puts you in the time and place of slavery. It is like you are actually there and you know everything that is going on. Discussion: The Africans that experienced enslavement went through too much for us to even try to imagine what it was like. As was said before, they were basically forced into a whole new world. To the white man, they were stripped of their name, culture, religion and language. This made the white man (slave owners/master) feel more than powerful. This made them feel like they had full control on the slaves' lives, which they kind of did in a sense. It was almost like they were puppet masters playing with ventriloquist dolls, only this was real life dealing with real people and real situations. In my opinion, Africans were stuck in a very tough situation, but they were smart with the way that they went about it. In order to preserve their lives, identity and their experiences, Enslaved African-Americans created sacred songs and told stories about their experiences. Since enslaved people were not allowed to formally educate themselves, which includes learning how to write down these memories of the past, oral storytelling was the only way to have a connection to Africa. Of everything that was taken and stripped, the mind was the one thing the white slave owners could not erase. As hard as they tried Africans held onto their identities, cultural traditions, and connections through verbal exchange. As was said before, these slaves were smart. They knew that nobody could tell their stories better than them. If they left it up to the white man to tell of their experiences, we might not even know of slavery or the degree of severity to which it was. It was said in the book, The Coming,

White Fang by Jack London

White Fang by Jack London Free Online Research Papers I read a book called â€Å"White fang† by a man named Jack London. London was trying to explain to the reader the realities of life in the wild for an animal. He focused on getting our attention towards how they adapt to the wild and fend for themselves. This story is about a half wolf/half dog named White Fang. White fang was born out in the wild. He was forced to learn the laws of the wild. He learned how to earn his food and protect himself from harmful animals. White Fang learned his boundaries on what he could do and not do. Though it takes time and effort to learn it has to be done to survive and he accomplished it. I believe that there was a moral in this book. I may be wrong but this is just my opinion. I believe that Jack London is trying to teach us that we all have to learn the laws of life. Were all are going get hurt or get into some sort of trouble. We just need to remember that there is a solution to any problem. I thought that this was a great book for me to read because it helps me get a better understanding of where I stand in the world. It reminds me that I know I will fail, that’s a fact of life. But, if I give something an effort I can accomplish it. I could not say anything to negative about this book because it has a moral in it that I think everyone should learn. If reading this book gave me a better look on life it should help you also. I would recommend this book to anyone. Once you pick it up its one of those books that you don’t ever want to put down. It has exciting parts through the whole book so it keeps you entertained while you’re reading. ? Research Papers on "White Fang" by Jack LondonBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayTrailblazing by Eric AndersonWhere Wild and West MeetStandardized Testing19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsQuebec and CanadaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital Punishment

MARKETTING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MARKETTING - Essay Example The target market will focus on the demographic characteristics such as income of the potential customers as well as their location. The company aims at trading both locally and internationally in major cities in the world. The company aims at creating a position of quality and reliable product in the minds of the customers. By taking such positioning statements, the company will create a good identity and image in the minds of the customers. The company faces stiff competition in the market from other kitchen appliances providing companies and it is essential for the company to strategize on their positioning approaches. The company is going to reposition its products by adding more features to their toasters as compared to the current features. Moreover, the company is going to identify competing toasters in the market and try to adjust their products features to a level that the competing brands do not have. By repositioning the company products, the company will be able to set a unique identity in the customer’s minds. According to Trout and Rivkin (11) the business market is changing. Therefore companies need to come up with products that that reflect on how the minds of the customers opera te. By understanding the customers mind, the repositioning strategies will be easier to adapt and

Chapter exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chapter exercise - Essay Example While deceit is considered as occurring via commission, omission also counts, whereby not all the relevant facts are presented. It is essential to develop relationships with people who adhere to the moral conduct code; people of integrity. People who do not honour early commitments will most likely disappoint you in the future. An organization’s code of ethics refers to the ACM code of ethics in this paper, which consists of 24 principles. Examples include principle 1.5, which requires one to honour intellectual property rights and principle 1.7 that implies that invasion of privacy by sharing information about other people on social media is wrong. Cyber bullying, as it is referred to, means the posting of information on social media with intent to hurt someone. Additionally, those who post information on social networks run the risk of identity theft. An example of identity theft involves theft of one’s social security number and accessing credit card accounts. Selecting a new e-mail address or changing email providers after a hack is often discouraged by switching costs, which is incurred by moving from one product to another. This is especially so given that most of your friends already know your address and this would mean starting all over. While switching costs may sometimes be low, for example, for those that used Netscape as their earlier browser, some are also perceived. Hackers will usually attempt to make their signatures look authentic, for example, by attaching a copyright symbol into their signature. Copyright should be taken seriously since breaking these laws is a serious offence. Even if, the information is free, the user cannot sell this information. Plagiarism is another concept that is considered as an offence and breach of ethics. With so many sellers and buyers on the internet, it is important to take security measures. People stealing personal information and credit cards then sell the information to on-line auction buyers

Apollo moon landing was a hoax Essay Example for Free

Apollo moon landing was a hoax Essay The US Moon landing program was started by John F. Kennedy in response to the Soviet Unions early successes in space exploration, just in case the world decided that Communism was the way to go. The Moon landing hoax refers to the belief of a small, but persistent, percentage of people who think that the Apollo Moon landings of the late 60s and early 70s were propaganda films produced by NASA to embarrass the USSR in the cold war. First I will start talking about the central claims and evidence that proof why Apollo moon landing wasn’t a hoax. There is quite a lot of evidence to proof that Apollo moon landing wasn’t a hoax. There is a large quantity of lunar surface samples for example rocks that was brought back by the Apollo missions. These samples are the same than those brought back by Soviet Union missions and they aren’t alike any rock on earth. Many international scientists have spent their entire careers studying these things and If they prove that this rocks didn’t come from the Moon, it would degrade their scientist names in an instant. There is a large number of photographs and videos taken on the Moon, that shows that they really went to the moon. Close up footage of dust being kicked up by the astronauts on the Moon or raised by the wheels of the lunar shows that the dust fell parabolically, as expected in a vacuum. If the landing footage were shot on Earth, the dust would float around in the air before falling to the ground. There is not only photograph to proof Apollo moon landing there is also people to corroborate the evidence. People who made the journey are still alive and able to testify the fact along with the thousands of people who worked on the project. Some people claim the use of reflectors. These reflectors have been used extensively by other researchers. The use of reflector caused many theorists to believe that the moon landing was faked. There are groups that accept that NASA went to the moon, however, the things they saw were so incredible they had to hide the evidence of aliens. On the other ha nd there are Conspiracy theories that reveal that the Apollo moon landing couldn’t be possible. Members of the Hare Krishna movement refuse to accept the landings, because it would contradict what their holy texts say about the Moon (for example, that it is further away than the Sun, surrounded by fire and ice) others believed. Others said that the astronauts  only went into Earth orbit. This is usually connected to the claim that the space was filled with deadly radiation that could kill astronauts. People believed that the earlier landings were faked, but that NASA finally managed to get there some time in the 70s. They state that the United States faked reports of the original landing to threat the Soviet Unions attempts during the Space Race of the Cold War. Apart from some conspiracy theories there is also evidence that shows that Apollo moon landing was a hoax. I will analyze some of the evidence the technology, the flag, the transmission and finally the environment. Bart Sibrel said that the level of United States and USSR space technology as evidence that the Moon lan dings could not have happened. For much of the early stages of the Space Race, the USSR was ahead of the United States, yet in the end, the USSR was never able to fly a craft to the Moon, It is argued that, because the USSR was unable to do this, the United States should have also been unable to develop the technology to do so. Another part of the moon landing hoax theory deals with the American flag. The picture that was sent back showed this flag moving as in a wind. Some believers in the moon-landing hoax feel that this was proof that this picture had been taken on earth and not the result of a moon landing. The fact that the flag moves in the wind when there is no wind on the moon could lend some degree of credibility to the belief that this was a hoax. There should have been more than a two-second delay in communications between Earth and the Moon because of the distance between the earth and moon. Typical delays in communication were about 0.5 seconds. Scientists claim that the delays were only half a second are untrue, as examination of the original recordings shows. Also, there should not be a constant time delay between every response, as the conversation is being recorded at one end Mission Control. Responses from Mission Control could be heard without any delay, as the recording is being made at the same time that Houston receives the transmission from the Moon. The Moons surface during the daytime is so hot that a filming camera would have melted, as there is no atmosphere to efficiently protect the lunar surface from heat; heat on the moon would affect devices such as cameras. The surface does get very hot at lunar noon; every Apollo landing was made shortly after lunar sunrise at the landing site. In conclusion given to the context of the moon landings and that of the Space Race with the Soviet Union, there are many, many reasons why  people would prove that the landings were faked for a political and monetary gain, pure fame, and so on. There isn’t a real proof revealing the landings by a first-hand knowledge, or evidence no only a photograph that could be fixed on a studio. If we assume a conspiracy exists, we need to know what it involves. Given the number of people that would need to be paid off to stay silent, the effort required to pull the attention over the USSRs eyes, the ground based fakery rockets, launches, control rooms fakery such as moon rocks and the photography and video taken from the moon.

Consumer Behavior Essay -- Business, Supermarket

This essay is based on an analysis of our observation on consumer behaviour which took place at a supermarket. As a means of interpreting the data, the following theories and concepts would be used which are social construction, pester power and independent and interdependent self views...... Social construction PESTER POWER DEFINITION Pester power can be defined ‘as a child’s attempts to exert influence over parental purchase in a repetitive and sometimes confrontational manner’ Nicholls and Cullen (2004:77). Procter and Richards (2002:3) suggest that pester power is ‘the repeated delivery of unwanted requests’. Parents are bombarded with requests, gestures and pleas from their children to buy items like foods, toys and clothes and most often children who carry out this act get what they want (Nicholls and Cullens, 2004). Children might be influenced by either their peers at school (Smithers, 2010) or by advertisements seen on the television (Chandler and Heinzerling, 1998, Smithers, 2010). DEFINITION OF FREUDIAN PERSONALITY THEORY Freudian personality theory is otherwise known as the psychoanalytic theory and it is often used by marketers to influence the purchase decisions of customers unconsciously (Bettany, 2011 and Solomon, 2011). The Freudian personality theory is composed of three categories namely the id, the superego and the ego. The id according to Freud is part of our unconscious being as it functions with regards to the pleasure principle; the pleasure is applicable to the id as it seeks immediate gratification of needs (Bettany, 2011 and Solomon, 2011). Hoch and Loewestein (1991:498) suggest the id is the ‘primary process of thinking’ that is impulsive, stingy and illogical whose aim is to seek pleasure only,... ...essed by Lee and Karen (2000) which reports a strong correlation between ones interdependent self concept and group relationship motives for purchasing goods. Which reiterates’ beliefs that spending so much money on status signifying clothes will be detrimental to groups goals and objectives which may include feeding and other general welfare necessary in a family setting. Strong evidence found by Millan and Renolds (2011) suggests that consumers possessing a high independent disposition were more inclined to shopping activities via regular visits to clothing shops, keeping up with latest trends and information obtainable in at shops thereby spending more money on clothing than interdependent consumers, reason being that consumers with a strong independent self concept tend to satisfy wide variety of symbolic and hedonic needs through this means of consumption.

Aqua Fish Canada Inc.

BackgrounderThe background information relating to the Case Examination (Backgrounder) is provided to candidates in advance of the examination date. The Backgrounder contains information about both the company and the industry involved in the case. Candidates are expected to familiarize themselves with this information in preparation for the analysis that will be required during the Case Examination.Candidates should note that they will not be allowed to bring any written material, including the advance copy of this Backgrounder, into the examination centre. A new copy of this Backgrounder, together with additional information about the company and a supplement of formulae and tables, will be provided at the writing centre for the Case Examination. Only the following models of calculators are authorized for use during the Case Examination:1. Texas Instruments TI BA II Plus (including the professional model) 2. Hewlett Packard HP 10bII (or HP 10Bii) 3. Sharp EL-738C (or EL-738)Candida tes are reminded that no outside research on the industry related to this case is required. Examination responses will be evaluated on the basis of the industry information provided in the Backgrounder and the question paper (Additional Information).Overview Aqua Fish Canada Inc. (AFC) is a privately owned, Canadian company involved  in aquaculture in the Maritimes. Aquaculture is the cultivation and harvesting of fish in a natural or manufactured environment. Federally incorporated on May 1, 2002, AFC has established a reputation for delivering a quality product – Atlantic salmon – on a timely basis from its profitable fish farms and is a growing, commercial operation. AFC builds and maintains fish farm facilities; hatches, feeds, grows, and harvests Atlantic salmon; and distributes the unprocessed fresh fish mainly to customers in Canada and the northeastern U.S. Company HistoryIn early 2002, three Maritimers with backgrounds in the fishing industry (Joel Palango, Wendy Starky, and Jeanne Poirier) decided to search for potential investment opportunities that would help the local Maritime economy. They observed that, with access to plentiful water and site resources, a large workforce with a background in fishing, and governments eager to create employment, the aquaculture industry was growing along the eastern coast of Canada. Although they knew that there would be no revenue until the first fish grew large enough to sell, they were prepared to wait several years to realize a return and they decided to invest in an aquaculture business. Aqua Fish Canada Inc. was incorporated and the first decision made by the three shareholders was to establish an Atlantic salmon aquaculture farm.Guy Mills, an experienced aquaculture executive, was hired to build the business from the ground up. The first farm site was established within six months and operations began in November 2002 with the first spawning of fish. By October 2004, a sufficient number of f armed fish had reached a marketable weight and AFC harvested its first batch of salmon. Over the next five years, the company established three more salmon farm sites in three provinces as shown in Table 1 below.

An Analyses of “When the Saints Go Marching in”

Kevin Fickel MUSC 105. 003 An Analysis of â€Å"When the Saints Go Marching In† The origins of â€Å"When the Saints† have never been fully explained in modern times. It was originally written as a Negro Spiritual hymn sometime near the beginning of the twentieth century. On written music, composers usually notate it as a traditional piece, but the identity of the original author remains up for debate.Some sources claim that the original lyrics of â€Å"When the Saints† were penned by Katherine Pervis and put to music by James Black in 1896, but many scholars today believe that Pervis and Black’s composition was a completely different piece of music due to it being titled â€Å"When the Saints Are Marching In†. Regardless, the original lyrics contain many spiritual references, particularly to heaven and the coming of God’s kingdom.In one of the verses, the author writes â€Å"Oh when the trumpet sounds its call, oh when the trumpet sounds it s call, I want to be in that number, when the trumpet sounds its call,† which is a reference to a passage in the book of Revelations, located in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The passage describes the sounding of seven trumpets by angels of heaven. Each trumpet brings about a specific catastrophic event upon the world below, which is filled with those who were not taken in to heaven at the onset of the world’s end.Other references to things such as â€Å"†¦the moon turns red with blood†¦ † and â€Å"†¦when the new world is revealed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  are tied in with the end of days described in Revelations, which the author describes a desire to avoid by being in heaven. Though the original lyrics describe dark and unfortunate events, today â€Å"When the Saints† has a positive connotation attached to it. When it is performed in modern times, it is at a much faster tempo and the melody swings at an infectiously catchy pace.This chan ge started probably due to a trend that originated in New Orleans that consisted of inserting a verse that discussed how a former friend or relative had died, moved away, or was estranged from them and how they desired to see them again, often in the next life (i. e. heaven). In one of the earliest know recordings of â€Å"When the Saints†, the blues artist Barbeque Bob sings â€Å"†¦I had a dear old mother, she’s gone on to heaven I know, I promised the Lord I’d meet her, when the Saints go marching in†¦. The belief that a one will be able to reunite with all of their loved ones who have passed away before them, coupled with an image of heaven as eternal paradise for a soul instills hope in an individual. Taking this into account may explain the prevalence of bands performing â€Å"When the Saints† in New Orleans funeral marches. It may be that in the culture of New Orleans a funeral is not only a place for mourning the dead, but also a time t o celebrate the deceased’s passing into eternal paradise.Thus, â€Å"When the Saints† began a transformation from a solemn hymn to an upbeat funeral piece and then to one of the most famous jazz songs of all time. This transformation is quite staggering. When the song was first written, there was no recording technology that enabled its original form to be preserved. Barbeque Bob performed the earliest recording of â€Å"When the Saints† in the early twentieth century. His rendition is performed on acoustic guitar and has a very resigned tempo with the overall tone of the piece being one that fosters reflection.This style was probably representative of the standard way to play the piece at the time and most likely remained so until Louis Armstrong recorded his rendition of â€Å"When the Saints† in the format that most people recognize. Armstrong played â€Å"When the Saints† at a much faster tempo than Barbeque Bob and with a more upbeat and fun t one and with a full band featuring trombones, drums, a string bass, trumpet, clarinet, and several other instruments. Armstrong’s rendition ushered in the more common rendition of â€Å"When the Saints† that emulates his fast tempo and upbeat tone.Armstrong also created a way of playing â€Å"When the Saints† that allowed for passages of improvisation, a mainstay in jazz music. The strophic form of the verses and running bass allows for other instruments to take turns improvising before returning to the original melody. However, this also caused â€Å"When the Saints† to become a more secular piece as it lost its previously sacred themes and lyrics. In a duet between Louis Armstrong and Danny Kaye, the lyrics previously talking about the end of days and joining with others in heaven are replaced with a series of clever puns of the names of famous classical composers.This shows the shift of â€Å"When the Saints† from a sacred hymn intended to inspi re to a song intended to entertain. Instead of being played in church sanctuaries, it mostly is performed at concerts by ensembles not affiliated with any particular church. In listening to different recordings of this timeless piece that I myself have performed a few times in my life, I was most surprised to learn that â€Å"When the Saints† was not always an upbeat jazz piece. Hearing the evolution of this song through the various recordings was very interesting. I can say that I have a newfound interest in this piece that was not there before.

Free Essays on Childrens Behavior As A Function Of Finding A Real Gun

Children’s Behavior as a Function of Finding A Real Gun There have been many accidental incidents involving children with guns. Today, it has become very common for a child to find a gun and play with it as if it were a toy gun, causing serious harm. Unintentional firearm injuries kill approximately 400 children (0-19 u years old) each year (Wintemute, Teret, Kraus, Wright, & Bradfield, 1987). What message are our children receiving for such incidents to occur? It is not very surprising to read about a 6-year-old who shot and killed a sibling or other child friend accidentally with their parents’ gun. Since mostly all Americans have the right to bear arms, guns are easily accessible to children through their families and friends. Many families’ keep a gun in the home often stored loaded and unlocked (Patterson, & Smith, 1987). So what preventive measures does one take to ensure their child’s safety? The most effective measure to prevent firearm-related injuries to children is the Absence of guns from homes and communities (Cummings, Grossman, Rivara, & Keopsell, 1997). Despite the risks of unintentional discharge and other adverse incidents, gun-owning families continue to keep at least one gun loaded and unlocked (Senturia, Chirstofel, & Donovan, 1994). With that said, the next step would be educating our children about the dangers of touching or playing with a real gun. But how effective is educating our children about the dangers of guns? Gun-owning parents reported that they would trust their four to twelve year old child with a loaded firearm in the home (Webster, Wilson, Duggan, & Pakula, 1992). Of course, after educating their child and assuming that it is understood that guns are dangerous, any parents’ expectation would be that their child would do the right thing when faced with the situation. Many parents may have unrealistic expectations of their children’s behavior around guns (Webster, Wilson,... Free Essays on Children's Behavior As A Function Of Finding A Real Gun Free Essays on Children's Behavior As A Function Of Finding A Real Gun Children’s Behavior as a Function of Finding A Real Gun There have been many accidental incidents involving children with guns. Today, it has become very common for a child to find a gun and play with it as if it were a toy gun, causing serious harm. Unintentional firearm injuries kill approximately 400 children (0-19 u years old) each year (Wintemute, Teret, Kraus, Wright, & Bradfield, 1987). What message are our children receiving for such incidents to occur? It is not very surprising to read about a 6-year-old who shot and killed a sibling or other child friend accidentally with their parents’ gun. Since mostly all Americans have the right to bear arms, guns are easily accessible to children through their families and friends. Many families’ keep a gun in the home often stored loaded and unlocked (Patterson, & Smith, 1987). So what preventive measures does one take to ensure their child’s safety? The most effective measure to prevent firearm-related injuries to children is the Absence of guns from homes and communities (Cummings, Grossman, Rivara, & Keopsell, 1997). Despite the risks of unintentional discharge and other adverse incidents, gun-owning families continue to keep at least one gun loaded and unlocked (Senturia, Chirstofel, & Donovan, 1994). With that said, the next step would be educating our children about the dangers of touching or playing with a real gun. But how effective is educating our children about the dangers of guns? Gun-owning parents reported that they would trust their four to twelve year old child with a loaded firearm in the home (Webster, Wilson, Duggan, & Pakula, 1992). Of course, after educating their child and assuming that it is understood that guns are dangerous, any parents’ expectation would be that their child would do the right thing when faced with the situation. Many parents may have unrealistic expectations of their children’s behavior around guns (Webster, Wilson,...

DILF, DELF, and DALF French Proficiency Tests

DILF, DELF, and DALF French Proficiency Tests DILF, DELF, and DALF are a set of official French proficiency tests administered by the Centre international dà ©tude pà ©dagogiques. DILF is an acronym that stands for  Diplà ´me Initial de Langue Franà §aise, the DELF is the  Diplà ´me dÉtudes en Langue Franà §aise  and the DALF is the Diplà ´me Approfondi de Langue Franà §aise. In addition to allowing you to opt-out of a French universitys language entrance exam, having one of these French certifications looks good on your CV. If you are interested in obtaining an official document proclaiming your French language skills, keep reading. Test Difficulty Levels In regards to advancement, the DILF is the primer certification for the French language qualification and precedes the DELF and DALF. Although the DILF, DELF, and DALF are the French equivalent of the English proficiency test or the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), there is quite a difference between these two testing systems. The TOEFL certification, which is offered by Educational Testing Services, requires that candidates take a two to four-hour test, after which they receive a TOEFL score indicating their level of proficiency. In contrast, DILF/DELF/DALF certifications consist of multiple levels. Rather than give test takers a score, DILF/DELF/DALF candidates work to obtain one of seven diplà ´mes from the Ministà ¨re de lÉducation Nationale, de lEnseignement Supà ©rieur et de la Recherche: DILF A1.1DELF A1DELF A2DELF B1DELF B2DALF C1DALF C2 Each of these certificates tests the four language proficiencies (reading, writing, listening and speaking), based on the levels of the Cadre Europà ©en de Rà ©fà ©rence pour Les Langues. There is no score for the tests; the French speakers proficiency is identified by the highest certificate s/he has obtained. The diplomas are independent, meaning you do not need to take all seven. Proficient French speakers can start at whatever level they qualify for, however advanced the level might be. Younger French learners are offered similar, but separate, tests: DELF, Version Junior, and DELF Scolaire. Studying for the Tests The DILF is for non-francophone candidates who are 16-years-old or older. On their website, sample tests are available for listening, reading, spoken and written French comprehension. If youre considering taking this test, youll be able to get a sneak peak of the materials on which youll be tested by visiting the DILF website.   Access is also provided to DELF and DALF test takers to sample topics according to each test level. Current information regarding test dates, test fees, test centers, and schedules is also information on the site, as well as answers to frequently asked questions. The tests can be taken in about 150 different countries, providing convenience and accessibility to several French learners.   The Alliance Franà §aise and many other French schools offer DILF, DELF and DALF preparation classes as well as the exams themselves, and the Centre National dEnseignement Distance offers correspondence courses in DELF and DALF preparation.

Decision Support System (DSS) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Decision Support System (DSS) - Research Paper Example Data on an organization's external operating environment, as well as internal operational information, is included and an interactive interface allows managers to retrieve and manipulate data. Modeling techniques are used to examine the results of alternative courses of action† (Decision support system.2007). Later on, DSS contributed to several domains, one of them is the healthcare sector. The Armed Forces Longitudinal Technology Application (AHLTA) is an internationally recognized medical and dental information management system that provides a safe and secure online accessibility to the military health systems (MHS) reports of beneficiary. Medical clinicians, who are deployed in various medical treatment facilities worldwide, access the system (DHIMS, 2011). They are provisioned with complete and appropriate health data in order to take informed decisions regardless of location and time. Moreover, AHLTA also facilitates central storage of electronic health records (EHR) dat a used to retrieve patients overall history of injuries and diseases (DHIMS, 2011). AHLTA Functionality The information flow and sharing of information on various levels of the AHLTA system are illustrated below (How data travels through AHLTA, n.d): The flow of information does not cover all aspects of the system and only prioritize on nontechnical aspects. As there are four primary components of the system including: Client Workstations: The workstations that will be used by the clinical staff Local Cache Database: The local cache database stores all the retrieved information, in order to provide information much faster as compared to a normal request of patient information from the system. Clinical Data Repository: The clinical data repository hosts the primary database and includes all the patient and clinical data connected to all the military treatment facilities worldwide. CHCS: Composite Health Care System is a legacy system that is performing the task of maintaining informa tion and information retrieval related to results, appointments and vice versa. Moreover, the AHLTA system operates on two modes i.e. the normal mode and the Failover mode. The normal mode provides provision of all the available information related to patient’s history. The CHCS retrieves and demonstrates demographics, appointment information and results from the clinical data repository that displays all the information to the computer of the client (How data travels through AHLTA, n.d). The fail over mode also operates on the same four components excluding the clinical database repository. In this scenario, the clinical team can have access to document encounters related to patients. Nevertheless, they cannot access the complete record of the patients and historical records i.e. they cannot access CDR. If CDR is not accessible, CHCS sends all the information related to patient appointments, demographics along with all the relevant information to local database cache (LDC) ( How data travels through AHLTA, n.d). Furthermore, the fail over mode supports: Scheduling of appointment information Last four encounters of scheduling patients Information related to patient and family history for patients that are scheduled Inventory information related to stores User Configuration The client server architecture of an AHLTA system were illustrated by â€Å"

Strategic Marketing Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Strategic Marketing - Dissertation Example Therefore, Surviving in hard times requires a strong determination and a positive attitude. But in today's fast and merciless marketplace, more is needed than a winner's attitude. The following chapter is where the dissertation starts explaining in brief a number of small business hard time strategies to help steer the chopping waters of commerce. 2.0 Strategies for SMEs to fight Economic Crisis 2.1 Cost cutting For small business, cost-cutting needs to be implemented with the precision of a surgeon's scalpel. Cut too deep and your business will never recover. Cut too shallow and cash flow problems could force you to the back of the unemployment line. Look at percentages rather than dollars and cents. If your expenses are chewing up your profits, you need to take action. There are two ways to improve sagging profits: sell more or cut costs. However, if revenues and expenses grow at the same rate, selling more won't fix an anemic bottom line. "Mistake No. 1 is thinking that marketing is the best place to cut when businesses are looking to tighten their belts," says Ann Handley, chief content officer at Marketing Professionals. "But it's not the time to jettison marketing. If business is slow and you're reining in your plan to get your name out there, it means fewer leads, less business and, ultimately, less income." Exercise care and judgment in determining what and where to cut and by how much. I recently heard of companies getting rid of their marketing department, asking them to leave, but this is not the best solution, as marketing is the most important function in a business, without having to move your products and service, how is it possible to increase sales and profits. On the... For the small business, cost-cutting needs to be implemented with the precision of a surgeon’s scalpel. Cut too shallow and cash flow problems could force you to the back of the unemployment line. Look at percentages rather than dollars and cents. If your expenses are chewing up your profits, you need to take action. There are two ways to improve sagging profits: sell more or cut costs. However, if revenues and expenses grow at the same rate, selling more won't fix an anemic bottom line. "Mistake No. 1 is thinking that marketing is the best place to cut when businesses are looking to tighten their belts," says Ann Handley, chief content officer at Marketing Professionals. "But it's not the time to jettison marketing. If the business is slow and you're reining in your plan to get your name out there, it means fewer leads, less business and, ultimately, less income." Exercise care and judgment in determining what and where to cut and by how much. I recently heard of companies getting rid of their marketing department, asking them to leave, but this is not the best solution, as marketing is the most important function in a business, without having to move your products and service, how is it possible to increase sales and profits. On the contrary, there are some easier ways that would help you eliminate costs. Over the years we have looked at hundreds of marketing programs, and honestly, state that nearly all of them have some kind of hole that either drains money directly or allows leads to be lost.

Human Resource Management 326 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Human Resource Management 326 - Essay Example Organizations get a different level of output from the workers by paying through different payment schemes such as skill based pay, incentive pay, payment on standard market rate or even payment according to minimum cost of living and different social norms. So, this paper contains a detailed discussion of the effect of different payment schemes on productivity and, most importantly, on the workers. Generally, two types of employers are there in an economy. One are government agencies and the other are private organizations. Both of these institutions pay the workers through different payment policies but desire adequate productivity based on organizational requirements, capabilities of employees, skills and knowledge and experience. Minimum wage is the lowest wage rate paid by the employers to the workers on an hourly basis, daily basis, or on a monthly basis. It is the employer who decides. Similarly, according to workers’ perspective, it can be said that minimum wage is the lowest wage rate at which workers provide their labor to the employers. Though minimum wage payment is effected by many jurisdictions in many countries, several opinions exist for the benefit and drawback of this wage payment concept in terms of both the workers and the employer’s perspective. Supporters of positive outcomes of minimum wage say that minimum wage enhances the standard of living of people, reduces poverty and also forces the business organizations to focus on the workers’ interest rather than only profit for the organizations. On the other hand, opponents of this payment method have been providing more evidence and supportive analysis for the drawbacks of this payment policy. They have argued that it inc reases the unemployment especially for the low skilled workers who do not have minimum skills and knowledge to provide labor for getting the minimum wage rate of a country. It forces these lower

The problem of Brain-drain Essay Example for Free

The problem of Brain-drain Essay Brian Drain refers the situation when highly qualified and trained people leave a country to permanently settle in some other country. It is also referred to as Human capital flight. The problem of Brain-drain, in our age, has become very elusive. The developing countries like India are desperately in need of talents, especially in the field of science and technology but for one reason or the other the talents and fleeing their countries, leaving their native lands impoverished in the process. Thus it is an extremely serious problem, for on the solution of it depends upon the destiny of the poorer countries. India can be taken as an instance in point. After independence this country is engaged in difficult struggle against poverty. But struggles cannot be launched in papers; they require armies of trained personnel – the scientists, technical knowhow and specialists in the field of planned development. If, instead of contributing to the prosperity of India, the Indian scientists, research scholars, engineers, doctors and economists immigrate to other countries, it is difficult to see how India can implement her development plans and attain her goal of prosperity. In ancient times the scholars of one country visited neighboring countries, and they often stayed there for years, both learning and teaching. The great scholars of China and Persia and other scholars from the West visited India during her prosperous days in the past and wrote memoirs which are precious materials for Indian history. But these were not considered brain drain then. For when Hiuen Tsang came to India or Shilbhadra visited Tibet, staying there for many years, their absence from their own countries did not make much difference. On the contrary, their experiences and wisdom gained from their visits enriched their countries. Such exchanges benefited the countries in those days and built a bridge of understanding and amity when communication between even the neighbours was not easy. In the under-developed countries like India, the ambitious and highly educated people found it very difficult to climb the peak, for the obstacles were many and the bureaucratic bungling was irritating. Hence, the alarming exodus started in the fifties and in the seventies the brain-drain appeared  to be complete. Hundred of talents emigrated to the U.S.A. and Europe which assured them of great opportunities for getting to the top, of secure and comfortable living, of satisfaction and of glory in their respective fields. If the emigrants could have all those assurances they would not think of fleeing their country. But the problem is that a developing country like India could hardly afford to accommodate so many ambitious people, nor could the scope be made broad enough to secure affluence for all. Some of them, after training and experiences in foreign countries, return home with individual drams and when they fail to fit in with the evolving patterns at home, despair drives them away again. But India needs these professionally trained people, so they should be persuaded to stay in India and be content with less lucrative jobs. When India is rich enough to reward them, they would not find much to complain about. All these people are among the fortunate few, enjoying the privilege of education, while some eighty percent of Indians languish in dark hovels – poor, ignorant and superstitious. It is they duty and responsibility of those privileged few to take them out of the morass, instead of jointing the mad rush for careerism. There may be many obstacles in their way, but their dedicated services and patriotic zeal will help them rise above them and restore to India her lost glory.

Influence of Boethius on Troilus and Criseyde :: Troilus Criseyde Essays

Influence of Boethius on Troilus and Criseyde Around 524, the Christian philosopher Boethius awaited his death. During the last stage of his life, he composed one of the most influential writings of the Medieval period: The Consolation of Philosophy. C.S. Lewis says of the work, "To acquire a taste for it is almost to become naturalized in the Middle Ages" (Lewis 75). Over 800 years later, Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the most highly praised authors in the English language, would draw upon Boethius to compose his finest work, Troilus and Criseyde. The most important Boethian influence Chaucer extracts is the intensity of something being increased or decreased by the knowledge of its opposite. Boethius' main discussion of this concept is in books three and four deal where he deals with the problem of evil. The question at hand is, "How can evil exist in a world with an omnibenevolent and omnipotent God?" If God is all-powerful, is anything impossible for God? If God is all-good, can God commit evil? After much discussion, Boethius concludes that evil is a lack of good and those who commit evil lack something. He writes, "so it is plain that those who are capable of evil are capable of less" (Boethius 110). He continues, "Therefore the power of doing evil is no object of desire" (110). Thus "the power of doing evil" is a lack of "the power of doing good." Boethius can know what evil is only when he first realizes how to determine good. Chaucer states problem in this way: "Everything is known for what it is by its opposite"(Chaucer 14). Chaucer's main examples of this phenomenom deal with the sweetness of joy and the bitterness of suffering. First, sweetness is made sweeter when one has tasted the bitterness of suffering. "And now sweetness seems sweeter, because bitterness was experienced" (79). When one experiences extreme bitterness, the slightest fading of that suffering brings ecstasy. On the other hand, bitterness is all the more bitter when one has tasted the sweetness of delight. Pandarus says, "For of all fortune's keen adversities the worst kind of misfortune is this: for a man to have been in good times and to remember them when they're past" (86-87). If one has tasted a high degree of sweetness, a lower degree sweetness is not as satisfying. This line of thought seems to be directly from Boethius.

Large technology based corporation

1) Why carly didn’t come sooner to discuss project delay Carly knew she was the problem because she caused the delay by not delegating the project work to Morris and other team members. She wanted Morris and other team member to be blamed for non-performance. She wanted things to worsen so that other members can be sucked for he feared that they were more experienced than him. He mistreated them so that they can give up and quit the job. 2) Carly hasn’t had a conversation with Morris or vice versa about their differences This is because they lacked the skills of a good communicator. They did not have the ability to communicate to people at all levels. There was no clear communication about their responsibility, how they are supposed to perfom, goals and their expectations. Carly viewed Morris as her rival. She was negative about Morris and could not accept him. Carly thought Morris would contradict with her and disagree with her. She is feeling inferior to Morris because Morris had a higher level of degree than her. How they should respond They should be open to each other, negotiate effectively and persuade each other to ensure that success is achieved. This will support both individual and achievement of the team by getting guidelines on how to accomplish the results. They should get to understand one another and know where they contradict and accept one another the way he or she is. 3) Biggest problem with the way these team members interact They lack team building skills because they lack substances that hold the team together which is unity and cooperation to achieve common objective. They do not understand the process of transformation required to progress from being strangers to each other to being a single unit which is cohesive. There are no leadership styles to be used at each stage of developing the team. They lack understanding of each team player and how each of them can be used at the proper time to solve problem once it arise. What they could do to remedy the problem They should understand one another’s strengths and weaknesses and try to cope with them instead of avoiding each other. They should be ready to accept correction once they do a mistake knowing or not knowing. They should take advice given by those in higher authority and follow the instructions given to them. Problems should be shared once they arise and look for solutions together. Cooperation between team members should be emphasized and also unity in order to strengthen the team. 4) Should carly continue to serve as project manager? I think carly should not continue to serve as a project manager because she lacks the ability to delegate task, she is notable to check and control the project. She does not allow Morris and other team members to participate in the project in order to complete it. She is not delegating the work and at the same time not able to complete it by herself. Carly lacked leadership competence because she is not able to lead others successfully, she has not won any track record and has no ability to inspire team members, challenge or encourage them to put more effort in their job. For these reason, the post of the project manager should be given to another person who is experienced and committed to his job. 5) How I would begin to address this situation I would call carly, Morris and the team members together, listen to their problems and discuss the solutions together. Plan to remedy this problem Team building skills – the team should come together to achieve the objective of the corporation. The main objective would be to complete the project at the set time and strive to meet the deadline on when all the activities should be completed. Transformation – the team should understand each other, know their abilities and talents and know how each of them contributes to the sucess of the corporation. They should come up together and build a unit that utilizes all its ability to be successful. Leadership styles – the manager should know how to lead the team and offer advice where necessary. She should be listened to and his decision should be final even after conversation with the team members. The leader should have the ability to make wise decisions that will not mislead other team members. Understanding – they should know how each team member can be resourceful and know his contribution in solving problems. OUTLINE OF A PLAN FOR GETTING THE PROJECT BACK ON TRACK FOR JANUARY L RELEASE Introduction Key methods of preventing the failure of the project Beginning the project in the right way Prevent all the problems before you begin Finalize what is required of you  Agree on the scope of the project  organizing project to avoid problems  Know all the steps in planning  Finalize the objectives of the project  Get all the required resources and keep then  Know the duration taken to finish the project  Emphasize on preventing the problem rather than reaction  Get a realistic plan  Finalize on how to manage the project  Develop final plan of management and ensure it is approved  getting work done  Always stay focused and avoid time wasting. Ask questions to know how the project is going on  Know performance and how the project is doing  Retain corporation by use of rewards and building team  Update the plan to make sure the project always stays on track  proving your success  Confirm that the job is done to the requirements  Be signed off formerly by the manager  Celebrate success of the project REFERENCE Lewis James; Fundamentals of Project Management; Amacom Division Mgt,2002                     

Bat Mitzvah Thank You Speach Essay

I’m am very happy to stand up here in my synagogue as I become Bat Mitzvah knowing that my family has been a part of tbs for many many years. There have been many celebrations on this Bima including my parents wedding and my Dad’s Bar Mitzvah. And, now it’s my turn! Through all the help of my Hebrew School teachers I have not only learned the skills to prepare me for my Bat Mitzvah day but have learned the important mitzvot or commandments of being Jewish. One of those mitzvot is Tikun Olam or making the world a better place. In the next couple of months I will be working on my Mitzvah project. I will be collecting boxes of colored pencils to donate to the unique organization, The Color Pencil Project. This organization is a non-profit organization created to increase the access of art supplies to children in developing countries. I hope you will help me support this wonderful cause. I could not get to this point in my life without the help of many people. So, first off I would like to thank all my family and friends who helped and participated in the service, especially those who have come a great distance to celebrate with me. Thank you to all my Hebrew school teachers especially Morah Sarah who had to deal with me for three years, lead the service Friday night and made my beautiful Tallis. Thank you to Rabbi Scolnic for his support, understanding and guidance. And a big shout out to Marcie (aka Marcielino), for not only being my Halftorah tutor but for being my friend and always having faith in me. btw, stickle it, just a little bit) Thank you Aunt Leslie and Uncle Paul for searching high and low in Jerusalem to find me the perfect Jewish start necklace that I am wearing today! Thank you to Aunt Sharon for having patience and taking me dress shopping and allowing me to borrow these stunning shoes. Thank you to Marissa for being the best cousin and encouraging me to try on my party dress. Thank you to my Grandma for knitting me my Ya lmukah that I will cherish forever. And to my sister, Jess, you have been really patient†¦ not always by chose but, still sat there while I sang my halftorah or doing my work. shes a pretty* good sister for a 17 year old and I love her very berry much(this is where you awww). oh and the most special thank you of them all, to my parents. cant forget that. if my parents weren’t here encouraging me i would honestly only know about 3 verses of the halftorah. I wouldn’t be standing here today without their support and love.